PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. A compression fraction greater than 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent on chest compressions.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio prioritizes ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with high-quality CPR to maintain perfusion and address reversible causes.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the chest depth ensures effective perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury in children.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for pediatric SVT is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Hyperglycemia is not listed as one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest (H's and T's).

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Atropine is the drug of choice for bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone, blocking parasympathetic stimulation.

Incorrect. Atropine is used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary conduction abnormalities.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is used to stabilize the myocardium and treat torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. IO access provides rapid and reliable vascular access for drug delivery during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide oxygenation to prevent deterioration to cardiac arrest in children with a pulse.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is administered at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg IV/IO to treat ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is administered to improve cardiac output and perfusion during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Atropine is administered at 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO for pediatric bradycardia due to vagal stimulation or primary AV block.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR with two rescuers.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths deliver oxygen to maintain adequate ventilation in children with respiratory arrest and a pulse.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is indicated in unstable SVT to restore a normal sinus rhythm safely.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. The maximum single dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. If VF persists after the initial defibrillation at 2 J/kg, the next dose is 4 J/kg, and subsequent shocks should not exceed 10 J/kg.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is used to enhance cardiac contractility and perfusion during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates in the first minute is 60-65%, gradually increasing to 80-85% by 5 minutes.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures sufficient oxygenation and circulation when only one rescuer is available for pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock to reverse airway constriction and hypotension.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for managing septic shock in children.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is given at a dose of 5 mg/kg IV/IO during VF or pulseless VT to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms ET tube placement and monitors ventilation in real time.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method for confirming and monitoring ET tube placement.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended for septic shock to restore perfusion and stabilize circulation.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary intervention for shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve oxygenation and perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Neonates transition to higher oxygen saturation levels gradually, targeting 80-85% by 5 minutes of life.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics treat the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during pediatric resuscitation.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm and requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Neonatal hypovolemic shock is managed with smaller boluses of 10 mL/kg to avoid overloading the circulatory system.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks every 2 minutes minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for stable or unstable pediatric SVT and is increased if needed.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate circulation without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered to terminate reentrant arrhythmias causing SVT when vagal maneuvers fail.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio is used for single-rescuer CPR in pediatric patients to ensure adequate circulation and oxygenation.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.