PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Defibrillation for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks as needed.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in cases of tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. During CPR with an advanced airway, providing 10 breaths per minute prevents hyperventilation and ensures adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. A compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent delivering chest compressions.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust avoids neck movement and is preferred for maintaining the airway in patients with suspected cervical spine injuries.

Incorrect. The initial energy dose for defibrillation in VF or pulseless VT is 2 J/kg, increasing as needed for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is the first-line treatment to reverse cardiovascular collapse and airway swelling in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute optimizes perfusion while preventing rescuer fatigue.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths deliver oxygen to maintain adequate ventilation in children with respiratory arrest and a pulse.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3-5 minutes for pediatric bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. Rescuer roles should be rotated every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered at 0.1 mg/kg as a rapid IV push for treating narrow-complex SVT in children.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment to reduce airway swelling and improve oxygenation.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during pediatric resuscitation.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring endotracheal tube placement in real-time.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio is used for neonatal CPR to prioritize ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. Atropine is limited to a maximum single dose of 1 mg in pediatric patients to treat bradycardia.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be continued while searching for and addressing reversible causes of PEA.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. The maximum atropine dose for pediatric bradycardia is 3 mg total, with individual doses capped at 0.5 mg for children.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. Neonatal CPR prioritizes ventilation due to respiratory causes of arrest, using a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation for children with a pulse but insufficient respiratory effort.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg to deliver an effective shock safely, increasing to 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Neonates in shock or with hypovolemia should receive a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg to restore a stable rhythm in unstable SVT in children.

Incorrect. Neonates should achieve oxygen saturation between 90-95% within 10 minutes to ensure adequate oxygenation without hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 value above 10 mmHg indicates effective chest compressions and perfusion during CPR.

Incorrect. In cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload and worsening cardiac function.

Incorrect. Neonates require 40-60 breaths per minute to maintain oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, compressions are continuous, and ventilations are delivered without pausing compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for pediatric bradycardia, addressing the most common cause: hypoxia.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients, not lidocaine.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for managing septic shock in children.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in children with tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes wide-complex tachycardia by slowing conduction and suppressing arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" and should be corrected to restore normal cardiac function during resuscitation.

Incorrect. IO access is the preferred alternative to IV access in pediatric emergencies due to its rapid and reliable establishment.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for children in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation when a child becomes unresponsive.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is essential in managing PEA while addressing potential reversible causes.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation restores perfusion, and antibiotics address the infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment for stable SVT to interrupt the reentrant circuit causing tachycardia.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. The preferred method is waveform capnography, as it provides continuous monitoring and confirmation of tube placement.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is crucial to restoring a perfusing rhythm in shockable cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO to improve perfusion during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures sufficient oxygenation and circulation when only one rescuer is available for pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygen administration is the first step to stabilize a child in respiratory distress and improve oxygen delivery.

Incorrect. During respiratory arrest, rescue breaths are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to ensure adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) indicates the restoration of effective blood flow with a detectable pulse.