PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. Atropine is dosed at 0.02 mg/kg, with a maximum single dose of 0.5 mg for children and 1 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for pediatric SVT is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method for confirming and monitoring ET tube placement.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, breaths are delivered at 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min) without pausing chest compressions.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm and requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. IO access is the preferred alternative to IV access in pediatric emergencies due to its rapid and reliable establishment.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, compressions are continuous, and ventilations are delivered without pausing compressions.

Incorrect. Vasopressors help improve perfusion and cardiac output when fluid resuscitation alone is insufficient.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push to terminate SVT caused by reentrant pathways.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. A compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent delivering chest compressions.

Incorrect. Compressions for children should be performed with the heel of one or both hands, depending on the child's size.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for bradycardia caused by hypoxia; lidocaine is used for arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes cardiac cells and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is used to stabilize the myocardium and treat torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine in pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes.

Incorrect. If VF persists after the initial defibrillation at 2 J/kg, the next dose is 4 J/kg, and subsequent shocks should not exceed 10 J/kg.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is used as an antiarrhythmic in cardiac arrest, with a cumulative dose limit of 3 mg/kg.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Early administration of epinephrine within 2 minutes improves outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is used to rehydrate children with dehydration and adequate cardiac function.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute ensures adequate circulation during CPR.

Incorrect. During respiratory arrest, rescue breaths are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to ensure adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for pediatric SVT and may increase to 2 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver protects the cervical spine while ensuring an open airway for effective ventilation.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 value above 10 mmHg indicates adequate chest compressions and cardiac output during CPR.

Incorrect. Defibrillation for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks as needed.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3-5 minutes for pediatric bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. Atropine is administered at 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO for pediatric bradycardia due to vagal stimulation or primary AV block.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. IO access provides rapid and reliable vascular access for drug delivery during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Neonatal CPR prioritizes ventilation due to respiratory causes of arrest, using a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing the myocardium and correcting QT interval abnormalities.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT and is used to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated by correcting blood glucose levels.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, improving perfusion and reducing airway swelling.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for PEA while addressing potential reversible causes.

Incorrect. Neonates require 40-60 breaths per minute to maintain oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.

Incorrect. For a child without a pulse, CPR should be initiated with compressions and ventilations at a 30:2 or 15:2 ratio.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio ensures efficient oxygenation and circulation during two-rescuer pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is used to treat torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks every 2 minutes minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. The initial energy dose for defibrillation in VF or pulseless VT is 2 J/kg, increasing as needed for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should occur every 2 minutes to evaluate the need for defibrillation or adjustments in treatment.

Incorrect. An isotonic crystalloid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended to treat hypoperfusion caused by septic shock.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is continued while addressing any potential reversible causes in pediatric PEA.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg fluid bolus is standard for pediatric hypovolemic shock to restore circulating volume.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.