PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. Epinephrine is used to improve perfusion and heart rate in symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to oxygen.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is crucial to restoring a perfusing rhythm in shockable cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides effective chest compressions and allows better control for ventilations.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation when a child becomes unresponsive.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion without causing injury during infant CPR.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are used to terminate stable SVT by increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the AV node.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve oxygenation and perfusion.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, breaths are delivered at 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min) without pausing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygen is administered to stabilize respiratory failure and improve oxygen delivery.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for bradycardia caused by hypoxia; lidocaine is used for arrhythmias.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation during the first 5 minutes of neonatal resuscitation is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95%.

Incorrect. For a child without a pulse, CPR should be initiated with compressions and ventilations at a 30:2 or 15:2 ratio.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio is used for neonatal CPR to prioritize ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is used as an antiarrhythmic in cardiac arrest, with a cumulative dose limit of 3 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically with 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery stabilizes respiratory distress and improves oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute ensures adequate circulation during CPR.

Incorrect. Neonates require oxygen saturation levels of 90-95% to support optimal oxygen delivery without causing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves perfusion and is the first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia.

Incorrect. If no rhythm is detected, CPR is continued immediately to maintain perfusion until further intervention is possible.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during resuscitation.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio ensures efficient oxygenation and circulation during two-rescuer pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock to reverse airway constriction and hypotension.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing the rhythm.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics treat the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO during pediatric cardiac arrest for refractory VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Naloxone is the opioid antagonist used to reverse respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose in children.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is used to rehydrate children with dehydration and adequate cardiac function.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with high-quality CPR to maintain perfusion and address reversible causes.

Incorrect. ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) indicates the restoration of effective blood flow with a detectable pulse.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms ET tube placement and monitors ventilation in real time.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. In cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload and worsening cardiac function.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. Neonates in shock or with hypovolemia should receive a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.

Incorrect. For one-rescuer infant CPR, compressions are performed using two fingers just below the nipple line.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary intervention for shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, improving perfusion and reducing airway swelling.

Incorrect. Compressions for children should be performed with the heel of one or both hands, depending on the child's size.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is the first-line treatment to reverse cardiovascular collapse and airway swelling in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. Rescuer roles should be rotated every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the first-line treatment for unstable SVT in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is used to enhance cardiac contractility and perfusion during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a normal rhythm in unstable SVT to prevent further hemodynamic compromise.

Incorrect. Vasopressors like epinephrine or dopamine are used to improve cardiac output and perfusion.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment to terminate SVT in stable pediatric patients by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes to improve perfusion during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Adenosine is given as a rapid IV push at 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT caused by reentrant pathways.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for high-quality CPR in children is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used to terminate reentrant arrhythmias in SVT by slowing conduction through the AV node.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment to reverse airway swelling and cardiovascular compromise in anaphylaxis.