PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine in pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes.

Incorrect. Neonates receive a 10 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus to treat hypovolemic shock while avoiding fluid overload.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for PEA while addressing potential reversible causes.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for neonatal CPR with two rescuers is 3:1, prioritizing ventilation over compressions.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treating bradycardia when oxygenation and ventilation do not resolve the issue.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics target the underlying infection in septic shock.

Incorrect. Neonates in shock or with hypovolemia should receive a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Back blows are delivered to clear a complete airway obstruction in infants and younger children.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. The defibrillation dose increases to 4 J/kg for refractory VF after the initial 2 J/kg shock.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in children with severe croup and airway obstruction.

Incorrect. Oxygen is the initial intervention for pediatric bradycardia caused by hypoxia to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is used to treat torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms or changes in the patient’s condition.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment to terminate SVT in stable pediatric patients by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in children with tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. The maximum single dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" in reversible causes of cardiac arrest and is treated with active rewarming.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for pediatric SVT is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg to deliver an effective shock safely, increasing to 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO for refractory VF or pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery stabilizes respiratory distress and improves oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for bradycardia caused by hypoxia; lidocaine is used for arrhythmias.

Incorrect. A bolus of 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid is recommended to restore perfusion in pediatric hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is included in the “T’s” of reversible causes and is treated with needle decompression to relieve pressure.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the primary cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be treated with oxygen and ventilation.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation during CPR.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is the preferred antiarrhythmic for stabilizing wide-complex tachycardia in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. In cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload and worsening cardiac function.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The total dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg to avoid toxicity.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is indicated in unstable SVT to restore a normal sinus rhythm safely.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, improving perfusion and reducing airway swelling.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms and monitors proper endotracheal tube placement.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug and fluid administration when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. The first shock in pediatric cardiac arrest is delivered at 2 J/kg to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock in children.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in children with severe croup.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Vasopressors help improve perfusion and cardiac output when fluid resuscitation alone is insufficient.

Incorrect. Neonates gradually increase oxygen saturation, starting at 60-65% in the first minute of life, as part of normal postnatal adaptation.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation when a child becomes unresponsive.

Incorrect. The first shock in VF or pulseless VT is delivered at 2 J/kg, with subsequent shocks at 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.