PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for pediatric bradycardia, addressing the most common cause: hypoxia.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure leads to hypoxia, which is the most frequent cause of bradycardia in children.

Incorrect. Neonatal CPR prioritizes ventilation due to respiratory causes of arrest, using a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust avoids neck movement and is preferred for maintaining the airway in patients with suspected cervical spine injuries.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor proper ET tube placement in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation and prevent progression to cardiac arrest in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics target the underlying infection in septic shock.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the resumption of effective blood circulation and detectable pulse following cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks should occur every 2 minutes to evaluate the need for defibrillation or adjustments in treatment.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg to deliver an effective shock safely, increasing to 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the chest depth ensures effective perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury in children.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths ensure oxygenation and prevent further deterioration in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in severe upper airway obstruction.

Incorrect. Back blows are delivered to clear a complete airway obstruction in infants and younger children.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery stabilizes respiratory distress and improves oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push at an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks every 2 minutes minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading reversible cause of cardiac arrest in children and should be addressed promptly with oxygenation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is given as a rapid IV push at 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT caused by reentrant pathways.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in children with severe croup and airway obstruction.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing the myocardium and correcting QT interval abnormalities.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides effective chest compressions and allows better control for ventilations.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line intervention for stable SVT, promoting parasympathetic activity to terminate the arrhythmia.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3-5 minutes for pediatric bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. The maximum atropine dose for pediatric bradycardia is 3 mg total, with individual doses capped at 0.5 mg for children.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes wide-complex tachycardia by slowing conduction and suppressing arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Oxygen is administered to stabilize respiratory failure and improve oxygen delivery.

Incorrect. By 10 minutes after birth, neonates should reach an oxygen saturation of 90-95%, reflecting effective oxygenation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a stable rhythm in unstable SVT that is refractory to adenosine.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, compressions are continuous, and ventilations are delivered without pausing compressions.

Incorrect. The initial energy dose for defibrillation in VF or pulseless VT is 2 J/kg, increasing as needed for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is given at a dose of 5 mg/kg IV/IO during VF or pulseless VT to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation gradually increases after birth, with a target of 60-65% during the first minute of neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves perfusion and is the first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary intervention for shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Early administration of epinephrine within 2 minutes improves outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms and monitors proper endotracheal tube placement.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg and may increase to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is crucial to restoring a perfusing rhythm in shockable cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Providing 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation during CPR with an advanced airway.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide oxygenation to prevent deterioration to cardiac arrest in children with a pulse.

Incorrect. Oxygen is the initial intervention for pediatric bradycardia caused by hypoxia to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment to terminate SVT in stable pediatric patients by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. Rescuer roles should be rotated every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions.

Incorrect. Defibrillation for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks as needed.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures effective perfusion without causing injury during infant CPR.

Incorrect. The maximum single dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.