PALS Provider Course

Incorrect. A fluid bolus, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock in children.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone should not exceed 15 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during cardiac arrest resuscitation.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves oxygenation and stabilizes respiratory function in children with severe distress.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion without causing injury during infant CPR.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the first-line treatment for unstable SVT in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is given at a dose of 5 mg/kg IV/IO during VF or pulseless VT to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for pediatric bradycardia, addressing the most common cause: hypoxia.

Incorrect. Neonatal hypovolemic shock is managed with smaller boluses of 10 mL/kg to avoid overloading the circulatory system.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for PEA while addressing potential reversible causes.

Incorrect. Atropine is administered at 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO for pediatric bradycardia due to vagal stimulation or primary AV block.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of PEA and should be corrected to restore normal metabolic and cardiac function.

Incorrect. Neonatal CPR prioritizes ventilation due to respiratory causes of arrest, using a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms and monitors proper endotracheal tube placement.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics treat the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes and is not contraindicated.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio is used for single-rescuer CPR in pediatric patients to ensure adequate circulation and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Neonates require 40-60 breaths per minute to maintain oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are used to terminate stable SVT by increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the AV node.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure leads to hypoxia, which is the most frequent cause of bradycardia in children.

Incorrect. Oxygen is the initial intervention for pediatric bradycardia caused by hypoxia to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in children due to their dependency on oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes cardiac cells and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute) to ensure oxygenation without interrupting compressions.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for children is 100-120 compressions per minute, ensuring effective perfusion.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor proper ET tube placement in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the primary cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be treated with oxygen and ventilation.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation for children with a pulse but insufficient respiratory effort.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio ensures efficient oxygenation and circulation during two-rescuer pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures sufficient oxygenation and circulation when only one rescuer is available for pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug and fluid administration when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. The correct compression depth for infants is 1/3 the depth of the chest, approximately 1.5 inches.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes wide-complex tachycardia by slowing conduction and suppressing arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths ensure oxygenation and prevent further deterioration in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the resumption of effective blood circulation and detectable pulse following cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is the first-line drug to improve perfusion and increase heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation at 94-98% avoids both hypoxia and the harmful effects of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute with an advanced airway ensures oxygenation without over-ventilating.

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation starts at 2 J/kg and may increase to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation between 90-95% prevents hypoxia and avoids the risks of hyperoxia in neonates.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically with 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Back blows are delivered to clear a complete airway obstruction in infants and younger children.

Incorrect. Neonates require oxygen saturation levels of 90-95% to support optimal oxygen delivery without causing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a stable rhythm in unstable SVT that is refractory to adenosine.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg fluid bolus is standard for pediatric hypovolemic shock to restore circulating volume.